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    1. 英語從句總復(fù)習(xí)參考

      時(shí)間:2022-06-22 19:53:13 其他 我要投稿
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      英語從句總復(fù)習(xí)參考

        名師指導(dǎo):英語從句總復(fù)習(xí)

      英語從句總復(fù)習(xí)參考

        1)表語從句

        1.定義:用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。

        2.構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句

        3.引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類:

       。1)從屬連詞that.如:

        The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。

       。2)從屬連詞whether,as,as if.如:

        He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來還與十年前一樣。

        The question is whether they will be able to help us.問題是他們是否能幫我們。

        注:從屬連詞if一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句,但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句,如:

        All this was over twenty years ago,but it’s as if it was only yesterday.

        這都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一樣。

        能跟表語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般為系動(dòng)詞be,seem,look等。如:

        It looked as if it was going to rain.看起來天要下雨了。

       。3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

        連接副詞 where,when,how,why.

        如:The problem is who we can get to replace her.問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。

        The question is how he did it.問題是他是如何做此事的。

        That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。

        解釋:

        1.連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如:

        I think it is because you are doing too much.我想這是因?yàn)槟阕龅锰唷?/p>

        2.在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。should+動(dòng)詞原形表示,should可省略。如:

        My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。

        2)主語從句

        1.定義:用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。

        2.構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句

        3.引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類:

        (1)從屬連詞that.如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

        很明顯,她們確是親姐妹,她們的臉型很相似。

        (2)從屬連詞whether.如:

        Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否會(huì)來這里還不清楚。

       。3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

        連接副詞 where,when,how,why.如:

        What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。

        How this happened is not clear to anyone.這事怎樣發(fā)生的,誰也不清楚。

        Whoever comes is welcome.不論誰來都?xì)g迎。

        Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。

        解釋:

        1.主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有:

        A.It+be+形容詞(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that從句。如:

        It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫無疑問她考試成績(jī)會(huì)很好。

        It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告訴她了。

        B.It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that從句。如:

        It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遺憾我們不能去。

        It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我們沒贏這場(chǎng)比賽真意外。

        C.It+be+過去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that從句。如:

        It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。

        It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.

        據(jù)報(bào)道中國(guó)又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。

        D.It+seem,happen等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語+that從句。如:

        It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不來參加晚會(huì)。

        It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。

        E.It+doesn’t matter(makes no difference,etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如:

        It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。

        It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我們?cè)谀睦镩_會(huì)毫無區(qū)別。

        F.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí),要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。如:

        Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報(bào)告是真的嗎?

        Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎?

        G.當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時(shí),要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。如:

        How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!

        2.注意連接代詞whoever,whatever,whichever等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義。

        Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)來的人將受到歡迎。

        Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the thing that)他所做的事情是正確的。

        Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of you who)你們當(dāng)中不論哪個(gè)進(jìn)來將會(huì)得到獎(jiǎng)

        3)賓語從句

        1.定義:用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。

        2.構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。

        3.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類:

       。1)從屬連詞that.如:

        He told us that he felt ill.他對(duì)我們說他感到不舒服。

        I know he has returned.我知道他已經(jīng)回來了。

        注: that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下,that不能省略。

        1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個(gè)賓語從句,that賓語從句放在and的后面時(shí),that不能省略。)

        大家都會(huì)看出所發(fā)生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

        2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時(shí),that不能省略。)

        對(duì)他我一無所知,只知道他是南方人。

        3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that從句位于句首時(shí),that不可省略。)

        我簡(jiǎn)直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。

        4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句謂語動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語,that不可省略。)

        鑒于他的特殊情況,我們決定應(yīng)允他一段試用期。

       。2)從屬連詞if/whether.如:

        I doubt whether he will succeed.我懷疑他是否會(huì)成功。

        I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否幫助我。

        (3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,w

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        名師指導(dǎo):英語從句總復(fù)習(xí)

        hich,whoever,whatever,whichever

        連接副詞 where,when,how,why.

        如:

        Who or what he was,Martin never learned.

        他是什么人?他是干什么的?馬丁根本不知道。

        I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要給我寫信說什么事。

        I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我會(huì)告訴你我為什么要你來。

        You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。

        (1)介詞賓語從句

        賓語從句也可用作介詞的賓語。如:

        He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.

        他對(duì)那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。

        I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。

        I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要說什么。

        Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.

        你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。

        有時(shí)介詞可以省略。如:

        I don’t care (for)who marries him.我不管誰跟他結(jié)婚。

        Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做這件事的方式。

        解釋:

        1.如果賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則用it作形式賓語,而將賓語從句后置。如:

        We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.

        我們認(rèn)為小王昨天沒來是奇怪的。

        He has made it clear that he will not give in.

        他已表明他不會(huì)屈服。

        2.作介詞的賓語:連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語,只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介詞的賓語從句如果由連詞that引導(dǎo),則需用it先行一步,作形式賓語。如:

        He is a good student except that he is careless.

        他是一個(gè)好學(xué)生,只是有點(diǎn)粗心。

        You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我會(huì)幫助你的。

        介詞賓語不可以用which來引導(dǎo),而要用what來引導(dǎo)。如:

        Are you sorry for what you’ve done?

        你為你所做的一切感到內(nèi)疚嗎?

        3.某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句,這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,連詞that可省略。如:

        I am not sure what I ought to do.

        我不能確定我該做什么。

        I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.

        恐怕你沒領(lǐng)會(huì)我說的意思。

        I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.

        我好奇怪,我以前沒看到過。

        Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.

        媽媽為她的女兒通過了考試而感到高興。

        4.連詞whether (…or not)或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

        if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以互換使用,但whether常和or not連用,if一般不與or not連用。如:

        I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。

        用if引導(dǎo)賓語從句如果會(huì)引起歧義,應(yīng)避免使用if而用wheter.試比較:

        Please let me know if you want to go.

        Please let me know whether you want to go.

        if從句可理解為賓語從句,意為“請(qǐng)告訴我你是否想去”;此句又可理解為條件狀語從句意為“如果你想去的話,請(qǐng)告訴我一聲”。

        5.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句,有時(shí)謂語盡管是否定意思,卻不用否定形式,而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问。如?/p>

        I don’t think you are right.我認(rèn)為你錯(cuò)了。

        I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。

        I don’t suppose he cares,does he? 我想他不在意,是嗎?

        6.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)律:

       。1)當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句可根據(jù)需要用任何時(shí)態(tài)。

       。2)當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句只能使用過去范圍內(nèi)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。但客觀真理除外。如:

        The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

        老師說地球繞著太陽運(yùn)行。

        4)同位語從句

        1.定義:用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。

        2.用法:同位語從句的先行詞多為fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等,關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that.如:

        They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

        對(duì)你生病這件事,他們都很焦慮。

        Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

        你在哪兒聽說我不能來?

        Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.

        德國(guó)已對(duì)俄國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)的消息一大早就傳來了。

        注:同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如:

        I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否來。

        連接代詞who,which,what和連接副詞where,when,why,how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

        The question who should do the work requires consideration.

        誰該干這項(xiàng)工作,這個(gè)問題需要考慮。

        We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

        到哪兒去度暑假,這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。

        It is a question how he did it.

        那是一個(gè)他如何做了此事的問題。

        解釋:

        1.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別

        that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句

        that引導(dǎo)的定語從句

        句法功能上

        that只起連接從句的作用,無意義。在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。不可省。

        that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用,還充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。如在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)可省略。

        意義上

        從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。

        從句起限定作用,是定語

        如:The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.(同位語從句,that不可省。)

        李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個(gè)消息是真的。

        The news (that)he told me yesterday is true.(定語從句,that在從句中作told的賓語,可省。)

        他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。

        2.一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣should+動(dòng)詞原形表示。should可省。如:

        This is our only request that this (should)be settled as soon as possible.

        這就是我們唯一的請(qǐng)求:盡快解決這個(gè)問題。

        (6)不定式的構(gòu)成

        1.不定式的構(gòu)成

        不定式是由不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,在某些情況下to也可省略。

        不定式一般有時(shí)式和語態(tài)的變化,通常有下表中的幾種形式(以do為例):

        主動(dòng)式 to do

        被動(dòng)式 to be done

        完成式to have done /to have been done

        進(jìn)行式 to be doing

        完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing

        1)不定式的一般式

        不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作通常與主要謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,或是在它之后發(fā)生。如:

        They invited us to go there this summer.他們邀請(qǐng)我們今年夏天去那兒。

        

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