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英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試復(fù)習(xí)專題之翻譯練習(xí)
四級(jí)翻譯（9.11）
1.You would have been better now if ___________(你過(guò)去堅(jiān)持吃藥).
2.In______________(鑒于他違背了媽媽的意愿)，his father gave him a little hard work to do.
3.The police warned citizens against keeping a large sum of cash at home ____________(以防被盜).
4._____________(當(dāng)談及代購(gòu)問(wèn)題)，all students are eager to say something about their experience.
5.It is common konwledge ____________(在經(jīng)濟(jì)上中國(guó)僅次于美國(guó)) at present.
答案解析:
1.you had kept taking/having this medicine before
考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣:表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had+過(guò)去分詞”，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should(第一人稱)或would(第二，三人稱)have+過(guò)去分詞”。“堅(jiān)持做某事”的表達(dá)是keep doing sth。
“吃藥”的表達(dá)是take/have medicine。
2.view of his going against his mother's will
“鑒于”的表達(dá)是in view of,后面跟名詞性成分�！斑`背”的表達(dá)是go against�！耙庠浮钡谋磉_(dá)為will。
3.lest it (should) be stolen//in case it (should)/will be stolen
考查目的狀語(yǔ)從句:lest意思是“以防，以免”，其引導(dǎo)的從句通常用sb.(should)do 的形式表示虛擬，句中指“錢財(cái)被盜”，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。In case “以防”也可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，但從句的謂語(yǔ)可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也可用直陳語(yǔ)氣。
考查代詞it:從句中的“以防被盜”指cash,為了避免重復(fù)，用it指代。
4.When it comes to generation gap//When talking about generation gap
考查“當(dāng)談及…”這一�？脊潭ńY(jié)構(gòu):when it comes to+sb./sth或者when talking about +sb./sth.�！按鷾稀钡谋磉_(dá):generation gap。
5.that China is next to America in terms of economy
that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句既可放于句首，也可放在句末，但為了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)從句放在句后�！皟H次于”的表達(dá)為be next/second to�！霸凇稀笨杀磉_(dá)為in terms of或者直接用介詞in。
四級(jí)翻譯（9.10）
1.By the end of this year ___________(這本書將出版).
2.That advantages of bicycle outweigh its disadvantages and it will ________________(在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)發(fā)揮重要作用).
3.After days of heavy rains,the sun ______________(終于從云層后面露出來(lái)了).
4.He has got into the habit of __________________(在房間亂扔?xùn)|西).
5.______(凡是對(duì)油畫感興趣的人)may get a free ticket to the art show.
答案解析:
1.the book will have been published // the book will have come out
考查時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):由by the end of this year“今年年底”判斷要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)，而book與publish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)will have been published。如果用come out 表達(dá)的話不必用被動(dòng)式。
“出版”的表達(dá)常用publish或come out。
2.play an important/essential role in modern society
“發(fā)揮作用”的表達(dá)為play a role in�！爸匾摹北磉_(dá)可以用important或essential；“現(xiàn)代社會(huì)”的表達(dá)為modern society。
3.emerged from behind the clouds at last
為了準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)方位，from后面可接另外一個(gè)介詞賓語(yǔ)，behind the clouds整體表示一個(gè)位置；云層后面。本句敘述的是過(guò)去的事情，所以用過(guò)去式�！奥冻鰜�(lái)”的表達(dá)為emerge或come out。
4.答案:leaving things about/everywhere in his room
“養(yǎng)成某習(xí)慣”的固定搭配為get into the habit of doing sth。“亂扔?xùn)|西”的表達(dá)為leave things about/everywhere。
5.Whoever is interested in oil painting
考查主語(yǔ)從句:Whoever意思是“無(wú)論是誰(shuí)”，它在引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)�！皩�(duì)…感興趣”的表達(dá)是be interested in或have/take an interest in。
“油畫”的表達(dá)是oil painting。
四級(jí)翻譯（9.9）
1.By the end of this year ___________(這本書將出版).
2.That advantages of bicycle outweigh its disadvantages and it will ________________(在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)發(fā)揮重要作用).
3.After days of heavy rains,the sun ______________(終于從云層后面露出來(lái)了).
4.He has got into the habit of __________________(在房間亂扔?xùn)|西).
5.An enclosed,smoke-filled room has levels of harmful gas ________________(是平時(shí)的50倍).
答案解析:
1.the book will have been published // the book will have come out
時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):由by the end of this year“今年年底”判斷要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)，而book與publish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)will have been published。如果用come out 表達(dá)的話不必用被動(dòng)式�！俺霭妗钡谋磉_(dá)常用publish或come out。
2.play an important/essential role in modern society
“發(fā)揮作用”的表達(dá)為play a role in�！爸匾摹北磉_(dá)可以用important或essential；“現(xiàn)代社會(huì)”的表達(dá)為modern society。
3.emerged from behind the clouds at last
考查介詞:為了準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)方位，from后面可接另外一個(gè)介詞賓語(yǔ)，behind the clouds整體表示一個(gè)位置；云層后面�？疾闀r(shí)態(tài):本句敘述的是過(guò)去的事情，所以用過(guò)去式�！奥冻鰜�(lái)”的表達(dá)為emerge或come out。
4.leaving things about/everywhere in his room
“養(yǎng)成某習(xí)慣”的固定搭配為get into the habit of doing sth�！皝y扔?xùn)|西”的表達(dá)為leave things about/everywhere。
5.50 times as high as normal // 49 times higher than normal
考查比較級(jí):表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)常用“A is…times as + 形容詞原級(jí)+as B”或“A is … times +形容詞比較級(jí)+ than B”�！捌綍r(shí)”的表達(dá)為normal。
四級(jí)翻譯（9.8）
1.Such practice of ________________(考試前熬夜學(xué)習(xí))will not necessarily work for every student.
2.George arrived at the office ahead of time _______________(只為了給老板留下好印象).
3.The resolution that ___________(他調(diào)到總部)was approved by General Manager.
4.He didn't like this job _____________(盡管條件比之前的好).
5.___________________(我寧愿你不要宣布決定)on the issue for the time being.
答案解析:
1.staying up studying before an examination
“熬夜”的表達(dá)為stay up,“熬夜學(xué)習(xí)”就是stay up studying。空前出現(xiàn)的of是介詞，跟在其后的動(dòng)詞詞組“熬夜學(xué)習(xí)”要變成動(dòng)名詞的形式，修飾名詞practice。
2.only to make a good impression on his/the boss
“給…留下印象”譯作make an impression on…�！坝∠蟆敝暗男揎椪Z(yǔ)good在翻譯時(shí)不能遺漏。“只為了”的表達(dá)為only to，其結(jié)構(gòu)為only to do sth.表示目的。
3.he (should)be transferred to headquarter
考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣:某些表示建議，請(qǐng)求，命令，主張以及“重要性”，“緊迫性”等概念的名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的同位語(yǔ)從句需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。具體結(jié)構(gòu)為（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。這樣的名詞有:demand,desire,requirement,advice,recommendation,suggestion,order,proposal和resolution等�！罢{(diào)任”表達(dá)為transfer;“總部”表達(dá)為headquarter。他是“被調(diào)任”，需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
4.though the condition was better than the previous one
考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:在句子中所以用though。比較級(jí):“比…好” 用be better than。one的用法:句子前面已經(jīng)提到了job,為了避免重復(fù)，用one代替。
5.I'd rather you didn't declare/announce this decision
考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣:would rather,would sooner,had rather,would(just) as soon,would prefer用來(lái)表達(dá)主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的事情，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的事情。本句中for the time being“目前”表示這是現(xiàn)在的事情，所以系動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)didn't�！靶紱Q定”的表達(dá)常用declare或announce the decision。
四級(jí)翻譯（9.7）
1._____________________(盡管他已筋疲力盡)，he still kept on running.
2.Many people believe that international tourism _________________________(對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有積極作用).so local government should be encouraged to promote it.
3.On my way to the important interview,________________(他所做的就是祝我好運(yùn)).
4.Due to the unexpected changes,______________(這個(gè)計(jì)劃需要修改).
5.________________(遇難者能否在災(zāi)難中生還)depends on many uncertain factors.
答案解析:
1.Although/Though he was exhausted
考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:用Although或Though表示“雖然，盡管”的意思�！敖钇ＡΡM”的表達(dá)為be exhausted。
2.plays an active role in economic growth/development / has positive effects on economic growth/development
“有作用”的表達(dá)常用play a role或have an effect on 結(jié)構(gòu)�！胺e極的”常用active和positive，“發(fā)展”可用growth或development。
3.what he did was to wish me good luck//what he did was wishing me good luck
考查主語(yǔ)從句:用what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)的表達(dá):可用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)�！白：眠\(yùn)”表達(dá)為wish sb good luck.
4.this plan has to be revised/modified
“計(jì)劃”與“修改”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用be done的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。“修改”的常用表達(dá)為revise或modify。
5.Whether the victims can survive the disaster
所需翻譯的句子為該句的主語(yǔ)，“能否…”提示從句用Whether引導(dǎo)，注意在主語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether，不能用if。表示“存活，活下來(lái)，幸免于難”，用survive，后直接跟賓語(yǔ)，注意此處不能加介詞from。只有在表示習(xí)慣，習(xí)俗，禮儀等沿襲時(shí)才用survive from。
四級(jí)翻譯（9.6）
1. The popular artist said she____________________________(喜歡古典音樂(lè)勝過(guò)流行音樂(lè)).
2. The market share of DDF Company_______ (占了總市場(chǎng)份額的五分之二）in our country so far.
3. ____________ (據(jù)報(bào)道將實(shí)施新規(guī)定)by 2012.
4. This is the very trade fair________(我們應(yīng)該好好利用)。
5. If he had not turned a deaf ear to the doctor, ________ (傷早就治愈了)
答案與解析：
1.preferred classical music to popular songs
考查特殊比較級(jí): 表示比較意義時(shí)不一定用比較級(jí)體現(xiàn)，還可以用固定搭配，如prefer…to…，be superior to等。"喜歡......勝過(guò)......"的表達(dá)為prefer…to…。
2.has accounted for two fifths of the total
"占"的表達(dá)為account for�？疾榉�?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá): "五分之 二"是分?jǐn)?shù),分子在前用基數(shù)詞,分母在后用序數(shù)詞.分子超過(guò)1時(shí),分母要用 復(fù)數(shù)形式。
3. It is reported (that) new regulation will have been enforced
考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 主語(yǔ)"規(guī)定"是動(dòng)作"實(shí)施"的承受者，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)�？疾闀r(shí)態(tài): 表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作時(shí)需用將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)�？疾橹攸c(diǎn)句型: 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不明或不特別強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，用it is reported(據(jù)報(bào)道), it is said(據(jù)說(shuō))等,后接不定式或從句。此題當(dāng)中"實(shí)施新規(guī)定"是從句，故用It is reported (that)句型。
4. helping her daughter (to) recover
考查固定搭配: "專心做某事" 的固定搭配是apply oneself to, to是介詞，后面要跟名詞性成分，故用名詞或動(dòng)名詞。查高頻詞匯: “康復(fù)”的表達(dá)為recover(from)�？疾楣潭ㄓ梅�: “幫助某人做某事”的表達(dá)為help sb. (to) do sth. 或help sb. with sth.
5. the wound would have been cured/healed
考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣: if…h(huán)ad done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，從句時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句應(yīng)使用would have done的結(jié)構(gòu)。"治愈"的表達(dá)為cure或者h(yuǎn)eal"傷"是"被治愈"，需用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
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