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英語some和any的用法分析
英語some和any的用法分析
(1)兩者修飾可數(shù)單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表“某一個(gè);任何一個(gè)”; 修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表“一些;有些”。
(2)一般的用法：some用于肯定句;any用于疑問句，否定句或條件句。
I am looking for some matches.
Do you have any matches? I do not have any matches.
(3)特殊的用法：
(A) 在期望對(duì)方肯定的回答時(shí)，問句也用some。
Will you lend1 me some money? (=Please lend me some money.)
(B) any表任何或任何一個(gè)時(shí)，也可用于肯定句。
Come any day you like.
(4)some和any后沒有名詞時(shí)，當(dāng)做代名詞， 此外兩者也可做副詞。
Some of them are my students.〔代名詞)
Is your mother any better?(副詞)
擴(kuò)展：有關(guān)各類數(shù)字的表達(dá)一覽
(1) 基數(shù)(Cardinal numerals)：one, two, three...
(A) 除one接單數(shù)名詞外，其余均接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
He has one sister and three brothers.
(B) hundred的后面須加and(但可以省略)。
12,345 = twelve thousand three hundred (and) forty five;
(2) 序數(shù)(Ordinal mumerals)：first, second, third...
(A) 序數(shù)前面必須附以定冠詞。而a second, a third等，則是another的意思。
(B) 日期多用序數(shù)。
It’s on Friday, the fifth2 of October (= October the fifth = October 15th).
(C) 序數(shù)的簡(jiǎn)體。
9th = the ninth3; 12th = the twelfth4; 16th = the sixteenth;
(3) 分?jǐn)?shù)：
(A) 分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法：第一，分子用基數(shù)，分母用序數(shù)。第二，分子大于2時(shí)，分母須加“s”以形成復(fù)數(shù)。
1/2 = a (one) half; 1/3 = a (one) third; 2/3 = two-thirds; 1/4 = a (one) quarter;
(B) 分?jǐn)?shù)可接與不可數(shù)名詞;所接的名詞是單數(shù)，則與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用，是復(fù)數(shù)則與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用。
A third of the peach was5 bad.
A third of the bananas were bad.
(4) 倍數(shù)詞：常用的有half, double6, treble(三倍)等。
(A) half a, a half, half the +名詞，表(一半的)。
He ran7 a half mile8 in half an hour.
He ran half a mile in half an hour.
I have read half the book.
(B) half還可作名詞，代名詞及副詞。
Two halves make a whole9. (名詞)
This is half as1 much again as that. (副詞)
(C) 倍數(shù)常用的表達(dá)法：
(half; double; treble; twice10; two times; three times; four times...) +定冠詞或所有形容詞+名詞或所有代名詞
I had11 to pay12 double (= twice) the usual13 fare14.
That window is three times the size15 of this.
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